Haiti President Preval
Haiti (02/05)
Through a number of diplomatic missions by the OAS, the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), and the United States, the international community had sought to delay Parliament's seating until the electoral problems could be rectified. When these efforts were rebuffed, Haiti's main bilateral donors announced the end of "business as usual." They moved to re-channel their assistance away from the government and announced they would not support or send observers to the November elections. Concurrently, most opposition parties regrouped in an alliance that became the Democratic Convergence. The Convergence asserted that the May elections were so fraudulent that they should be annulled and held again under a new CEP. Elections for President and nine Senators took place on November 26, 2000. All major opposition parties boycotted these elections in which voter participation was estimated at 5%. Jean-Bertrand Aristide emerged as the easy victor of these controversial elections, and the candidates of ... [Read More]
Haiti
Haiti is a republic with an elected president and a bicameral legislature; although the 1987 Constitution remained in force, the failure to hold legislative elections left the country without a functioning legislature for over 3 years. The terms of office of the House of Deputies and most of the Senate expired on January 11, 1999; however, elections were not held until May 21, 2000. Parliament was not in session during that period. President Rene Preval, Prime Minister Jacques Edouard Alexis, and a cabinet governed during the year. The Provisional Electoral Council (CEP), formed in March 1999, delayed the local and parliamentary elections five times. After first-round elections were held in May, the CEP adopted a methodology that gave outright victory to candidates from the ruling Fanmi Lavalas (FL) party. Opposition parties and the international community objected to the CEP's method for tabulating votes and refused to recognize the new Parliament, which was sworn in on August 28. Aft ... [Read More]
Curran, Brian Dean
Brian Dean Curran was sworn in as United States Ambassador to the Republic of Haiti on January 3, 2001, and presented his credentials as Ambassador of the United States to the Republic of Haiti to President Rene Preval on January 12, 2001. ... [Read More]
War Powers Resolution: Presidential Compliance
September 11, 2001SUMMARYTwo separate but closely related issues confront Congress each time the President introduces armed forces into a situation abroad that conceivably could lead to their involvement in hostilities. One issue concerns the division of war powers between the President and Congress, whether the use of armed forces falls within the purview of the congressional power to declare war and the War Powers Resolution. The other issue is whether Congress concurs in the wisdom of the action. This issue brief does not deal with the substantive merits of using armed forces in specific cases, but rather with the congressional authorization for the action and the application and effectiveness of the War Powers Resolution. The purpose of the War Powers Resolution (P.L. 93-148, passed over President Nixon's veto ... [Read More]
Visits to the U.S. by Foreign Heads of State and Government--2000
President Rene Preval ... President Ali Abdallah Salih ... President Jiang Zemin ... [Read More]
Haiti
On May 26, the authorities arrested Prosper Avril at a book signing. The former general and President of the military government from 1988-1990 had been in self-imposed internal exile since 1995, when he was ordered arrested by then-President Rene Preval. His May 26 arrest was based on the same 1995 warrant. On June 12, a panel of judges declared that the arrest warrant was invalid and ordered him released. The Government vowed to appeal the decision before the Court of Cassation, the country's highest court, but had not done so by year's end. Instead, Avril remained in prison under new criminal charges based upon incidents of torture in 1990 (see Section 1.c). The opposition and local human rights organizations criticized Avril's continued detention. ... [Read More]
Madeleine K. Albright
Attended the state funeral of former President Nyerere. Met with President Mkapa and President Buyoya of Burundi.November 1-2, 1999 ... Met with President Preval and Haitian political leaders. ... Accompanied President Clinton to a Summit Meeting with the Presidents of the Central American Republics. ... [Read More]
Foreign Policy Roles of the President and Congress
Independent ActionOccasionally the President undertakes a dramatic or sudden foreign policy action before Congress is fully informed about it. Congress then is faced with the dilemma of supporting the action or being charged with undercutting the President before the world. Congress usually supports the President, but on occasion it tries to halt or reverse the policy or pass legislation to restrain the President from similar actions in the future.When President Reagan launched a military invasion of Grenada on October 24, 1983, Congress essentially supported the President in his stated effort to prevent the formation of a Communist foothold there. Although bo ... [Read More]
Visits to the U.S. by Foreign Heads of State and Government--1996
DateVisitorCountryDescriptionJanuary 28-February 2, 1996Prime Minister Viktor S. ChernomyrdinRussiaMet with President Clinton and IMF officials; attended Meeting of U.S.-Russian Joint Commission on Economic and Technological Cooperation. Later visited New York City.January 31-February 2, 1996President Jacques R. ChiracFranceState Visit. Addressed Joint Session of Congress. Later visited Chicago.February 20-22, 1996President Leonid KuchmaUkraineMet with President Clinton during a private visit.February 23, 1996Prime Minister Ryutaro HashimotoJapanInformal meeting in Santa Monica (California).February 27-March 1, 1996Emir Jabir al-Sabah [Read More]
US Department Of State Post Report
In July 1994, the U.N. Security Council adopted a resolution authorizing member states to use all necessary means to facilitate the departure of Haiti's military leadership and restore constitutional rule, including the return of President Aristide. In September, with U.S. troops prepared to enter Haiti in a matter of hours, President Bill Clinton dispatched a negotiating team led by former President Jimmy Carter to meet with the de facto Haitian leadership to discuss the terms of their departure. As a result, the MNF was able to deploy to Haiti peacefully, coup leader Cedras and other top military leaders left Haiti, and restoration of the legitimate government began, leading to Aristide's return. ... [Read More]
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